Chat with us, powered by LiveChat

Careers | Training | Resource!!!

arrow_back_ios

Main Menu

See All Products See All Knowledge See All Services & Support See All Solutions See All About See All Contact Us See All Demo See All Load cells title
arrow_back_ios

Main Menu

See All Acoustic End-of-Line Test Systems See All DAQ and instruments See All Electroacoustic application See All Software See All Transducers See All Vibration Testing Equipment See All Electroacousticsb - OLD unpublished See All Academy See All Resource Center See All Services See All Support See All Applications See All Industries See All Our Business
arrow_back_ios

Main Menu

See All Actuators See All Combustion Engines See All Durability See All eDrive See All Transmission Gearboxes See All Turbo Charger See All DAQ systems See All High precision and calibration systems See All Industrial electronics See All Power Analyser See All S&V Handheld devices See All S&V Signal conditioner See All Accessories for electroacoustic application See All DAQ See All Drivers API See All nCode - Durability and Fatigue Analysis See All ReliaSoft - Reliability Analysis and Management See All Test Data Management See All Utility See All Vibration Control See All Acoustic See All Current / voltage See All Displacement See All Load cells See All Pressure See All Strain Gauges See All Torque See All Vibration See All Temperature See All LDS Shaker Systems See All Power Amplifiers See All Vibration Controllers See All Accessories for modal exciters See All Test Solutions See All Training Courses See All Primers and Handbooks See All Calibration See All Installation, Maintenance & Repair See All Support Brüel & Kjær See All Acoustics See All Asset & Process Monitoring See All Electric Power See All NVH See All OEM Custom Sensors See All Structural Integrity See All Vibration See All Automotive & Ground Transportation See All Business Ethics
arrow_back_ios

Main Menu

See All CANHEAD See All GenHS See All LAN-XI See All MGCplus See All Optical Interrogators See All QuantumX See All SomatXR See All Fusion-LN See All Accessories for industrial electronics See All Handheld Software See All Accessories for S&V handheld devices See All BK Connect / PULSE See All API See All Microphone sets See All Microphone Cartridges See All Acoustic calibrators See All Special microphones See All Microphone Pre-amplifiers See All Sound Sources See All Accessories for acoustic transducers See All Experimental testing See All Transducer Manufacturing (OEM) See All Accessories for strain gauges See All Non-rotating (calibration) See All Rotating See All CCLD (IEPE) accelerometer See All Charge accelerometer See All Impulse hammers / impedance heads See All Cables See All Accessories See All Calibration Services for Transducers See All Calibration Services for Handheld Instruments See All Calibration Services for Instruments & DAQ See All Resources See All Electroacoustics See All Environmental Noise See All Noise Source Identification See All Product Noise See All Sound Power and Sound Pressure See All Vehicle Pass-by Noise See All Production Testing and Quality Assurance See All Machine Analysis and Diagnostics See All Structural Health Monitoring See All High Voltage See All OEM Sensors for the Agriculture Industry See All OEM Sensors for Robotics and Torque Applications See All Structural Dynamics See All Material Properties Testing

Hole-Drilling Method by SINT Technology

Measuring residual stress with the MTS3000 system and strain gauges 
null

The MTS3000 System: Hole-Drilling Method to determine Residual Stress

The strength behavior of components is influenced by their existing residual stresses that don't show any visible signs. Therefore, the aim is to determine the mechanical stresses in the components. With the hole-drilling method for determining residual stresses, a small hole of 1.6mm diameter is drilled into the workpiece, and strain gauges are used to measure the resulting strain. SINT Technology and HBM offer both the MTS3000 system and the required amplifier QuantumX which enable this process to be implemented easily. The system uses a stepping motor that allows drilling at 350,000 rpm. The strain changes arising due to the step-by-step drilling of the hole into the work piece will be detected by strain gauge rosettes specifically designed for this process. Signal processing is performed digitally. In addition to system control functions, the software package comprises four different evaluation algorithms that enable the mechanical stresses to be computed from the measured strain. The entire measurement process is PC-controlled, ensuring a high degree of measurement reliability and optimum reproducibility.

Video SINT

Back Calculation Method

The reprocessing software allows the residual stresses in the material to be calculated from the measured strains. The choice of back calculation method is very important in producing the most accurate representation of the real stress state. Many researchers have contributed, and continue to contribute, to the extensive literature describing the hole drilling method. Currently, four different back calculation methods exist in the reprocessing software: the Uniform Stress Method according to ASTM E837-13 standard, the Non-Uniform Method according to ASTM E837-01 standard, the Schwarz- Kockelmann’s Method and the Integral Method.

Uniform Stress Method [Standard ASTM E 837-01]

This method, described in the ASTM E 837-01 standard, is based on the assumption that stresses do not vary with distance from the specimen’s surface. For this reason, the method does not consider spatial resolution. Nevertheless, when measured residual stresses are close to uniform stress field, this is the best method to choose, because it is the least sensitive to the effects of test errors. It provides also a fast estimate of the average residual stress level into the specimen; that’s why this type of calculation is universally used and accepted.

Non-Uniform Stress Method [Standard ASTM E 837-13]

This method, described in the ASTM E 837-13 standard, introduces the computation of non-uniform stresses. Calculation steps and depth are fixed by this standard, and the calculation process refers to the Integral Method (see below for further details) with Tikhonov regularization to reduce the random errors in the calculated stresses. The ASTM E 837-13 is the only complete standard on residual stresses available at world level.

Schwarz-Kockelmann’s method

Kockelmann’s method is based on the theory that there is a correlation function between the strain derivative and the stress distribution, expressed as a function of the hole’s depth. The bond is formed by a pair of coefficients (Kx and Ky), calculated on a simulation model, that relate stress and strain. From these stress values it is possible to calculate the principal stresses and angle by using Mohr’s Circle.

Integral Method

This method, proposed by G. S. Schajer, provides a separate residual stress analysis at every hole-drilling depth increment. In this method, the contributions to the total measured strain relaxations of the stresses at all depths are considered simultaneously giving a higher spatial resolution than the other methods.

To simplify the problem of residual stress evaluation, Schajer proposed that the stress field could be described by means of step-wise functions whose value is constant through the partial hole depths. Using this hypothesis, Schajer established the numerical coefficients that are used for the calculation. The maximum depth that the method can be used for is 0.5 times the mean radius of the strain rosette used for the test.

The integral method should be chosen when residual stresses are expected to vary significantly with depth; however, it also has the highest sensitivity to test errors.

Flyer Residual Stress Measurements download

Related Products

No more result to load

Recommended for you

No more result to load

Modern Slavery Statement     Imprint    Cookie Policy    Privacy Policy    Sitemap    Ethical Business

 

© 2025 Hottinger Brüel & Kjær

 

 

close
nCode logo
Graphics Brand

We haved moved ${referer} to www.hbkworld.com

 

This will bring together HBM, Brüel & Kjær, nCode, ReliaSoft, and Discom brands, helping you innovate faster for a cleaner, healthier, and more productive world.

close
ReliaSoft-Logo-webp
Graphics Brand

We haved moved ${referer} to www.hbkworld.com

 

This will bring together HBM, Brüel & Kjær, nCode, ReliaSoft, and Discom brands, helping you innovate faster for a cleaner, healthier, and more productive world.

close
Prenscia HBM-Logo rgb
Graphics Brand

We haved moved ${referer} to www.hbkworld.com

 

This will bring together HBM, Brüel & Kjær, nCode, ReliaSoft, and Discom brands, helping you innovate faster for a cleaner, healthier, and more productive world.

close
HBM-Logo blue rgb
Graphics Brand

We haved moved ${referer} to www.hbkworld.com

 

This will bring together HBM, Brüel & Kjær, nCode, ReliaSoft, and Discom brands, helping you innovate faster for a cleaner, healthier, and more productive world.

close
logo of Brüel & Kjær (BKSV), experts of sound and vibration measurements from HBK
Graphics Brand

We haved moved ${referer} to www.hbkworld.com

 

This will bring together HBM, Brüel & Kjær, nCode, ReliaSoft, and Discom brands, helping you innovate faster for a cleaner, healthier, and more productive world.